 |
United Nations Country
Team Ethiopia |
|
United Nations Country
Team Ethiopia |
CONTENTS
| I. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| II. | BACKGROUND |
| III. | FINDINGS OF THE UN INTERAGENCY MISSION |
| IV. | RESPONSE OF UN COUNTRY TEAM
TO THE APPEAL OF DPPC
1. Food and nutrition
|
| V. | SUMMARY TABLE OF UN COUNTRY TEAM ASSISTANCE |
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Following the appeal for assistance to people displaced by the current Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict issued by the Ethiopian Government's Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC), the United Nations in Ethiopia sent two UN inter-agency assessment teams to the two affected areas. The missions conducted a rapid assessment of the conditions and needs of the displaced people in terms of food, shelter, health and access to water and sanitation. The findings of the mission were compiled in a report, "Humanitarian Needs of War-Displaced People in Northern and north-eastern Ethiopia." 1
Taking into consideration the DPPC's appeal for "Assistance and Requirements for Population Displaced by the Eritrean Government's Act of Aggression" and based on the findings of the UN inter-agency missions, the UN Country Team started planning, in collaboration with DPPC, the areas and size of their assistance to the war displaced. Existing emergency resources have been committed and supplies are already being forwarded to the regions. Budgets for additional programmes have been calculated and individual agency appeals to the international donors have been prepared.
This Summary outlines the broad areas of the UN Country Team's intervention and highlights the efforts made by the Team to harmonise programmes to ensure the maximum impact. UN assistance incorporates relief supplies made immediately available, emergency materials, funds and re-programmed resources allocated to programmes for the displaced and programmes for which additional, new funding is required. More detailed information on specific agency interventions can be obtained from the concerned agency Addis Ababa office or from their headquarters.
UN interventions from existing resources, reimbursable resources and
resources appealed for in this document cover the following areas: (Also
please see Graphs page 4 and Table on page 16):
| * Food and Nutrition | US$1.6 million (5,000 M/T of grain re-programmed) |
| * Health | US$ 914,000 |
| * Water and Sanitation | US$ 400,000 |
| * Shelter and Household Utensils | US$ 484,000 |
| * Education and Special Protection Needs | $395,000 |
| * Logistical Support | $ 85,000 |
| * Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation | US$ 90,000 |
| * Other | US$ 175,000 |
Many UN agencies have expressed interest in obtaining information regarding other donor pledges and the utilisation of local contributions. This report summarises current plans of the UN Country Team for an initial response to the DPPC appeal and once additional gaps are identified the UN will be able to determine what further interventions may be necessary.
II. BACKGROUND
On 15 June the Ethiopian Government's Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC) issued an appeal for assistance covering about 145,000 displaced people (in the non-food sector), and a planning figure of 300,000 displaced people (for food and nutrition assistance).
In response to this appeal, the United Nations sent two UN inter-agency assessment teams to the two affected areas. These two teams, accompanied by DPPC personnel, were composed of UNDP - EUE, WFP, UNHCR, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and IOM. The teams visited the northern region of Tigray and Afar during the period of 19-24 June to conduct a rapid assessment of the condition and needs of the war-affected people in terms of food, health, shelter/household, access to water and sanitation. The findings of the mission were compiled in the document "Humanitarian Needs of War-Displaced People in Northern and north-eastern Ethiopia."
At the Disaster Management Team Meeting (DMT) of July 10th it was agreed that the UN Country Team in Ethiopia would approach the appeal process through a joint, Resident-Co-ordinator driven appeal and prepare a covering document summarising the planned interventions of the UN agencies in response to the DPPC appeal. More detailed information on individual agency programmes can be obtained from the concerned agencies.
Based on the figures of displaced people needing immediate assistance estimated by DPPC and endorsed by the UN inter-agency missions (i.e. the 168,000 in Tigray region and the 20,000 Afars and non-Afars in Afar region), this summary gives an indication of the inputs from the UN which can be funded from existing resources and the portions which would be subject to an additional appeal to the donor community by the individual agencies.
UN assistance is designed to complement donations from other international
partners and local resources and it is not the intention of this appeal
to cover all needs. Consequently, donors are urged to review the overall
assistance requirements as outlined in the DPPC appeal and to assist in
filling the remaining gaps.
In the interest of facilitating DPPC's co-ordination of humanitarian aid to the war displaced from different sources and harmonising UN assistance, this summary indicates:
* identified needs of the displaced based on an assumed six-month
initial period of emergency programming
* assistance pledged by UN agencies in Ethiopia including existing
resources, re-programmed resources and reimbursable resources
* additional funding requested by UN agencies
Not included in this summary are data for contingency needs if the situation
were to deteriorate. A contingency planning exercise, in conjunction with
the DPPC, is planned for the near future. Also specifically excluded from
this appeal are rehabilitation needs, which can only be determined when
the displaced are able to return to their homes.
III. FINDINGS OF THE UN INTER-AGENCY MISSION
1. General
The UN Country Team assessment endorsed the main elements of the DPPC appeal. Both missions felt that the registration and screening system set up by the local authorities was comprehensive and therefore concluded that numbers and requests for assistance in the DPPC appeal were reasonable. The UN agencies have agreed to base their budget calculations on an assumed six-month initial period of emergency programming and on a total of 190,000 displaced persons (DP).
Both UN missions were impressed with the local emergency co-ordination mechanisms set up in Tigray and Afar. They pointed out that these co-ordinating systems had facilitated the distribution of initial relief assistance provided to date.
They fully agree with the governmental strategy to meet the needs of the displaced population by depending upon and bolstering existing structures.
There have been significant local contributions to the "displaced and war effort" with about $10 million having been collected as of end of June. At the moment it is unclear what portion of these funds are actually earmarked for the displaced or how they will be used. Nevertheless, the feeling of the UN assessment team was that UN assistance should complement, not replace these very commendable local efforts.
2. Recommendations on relief assistance
A) Food and Nutrition requirements
The mission's findings clearly point out that food assistance is justified as the displaced have already placed a heavy burden on the meagre resources of the hosting communities. Discussions were also held with the local authorities and the DPPC at the federal level on the issue of possible duplication of beneficiaries from the drought relief programme and this new emergency programme for the displaced and the government will be looking into ways resolving this potential problem.
The mission recommends that immediate assistance of food be provided to the 168,000 DP in Tigray and to 2,013 DP in Afar Region. The food needs of the remaining displaced population in Afar region needs further assessment.
B) Health assistance requirements
The government's policy of relying on existing health structures has resulted in a re-orientation of the health services with the Health Centres currently taking increasing responsibility for health services while the hospitals cater to only urgent civilian cases. So far the government has been able to cater to the most essential needs of the displaced but supplies are running out and budgets have in some cases already been exhausted.
The mission report indicates that there is a need to strengthen existing health services through the provision of supplies and, eventually, health personnel at all levels. Regular health programmes are to be sustained, including vaccination and immunisation campaigns.
C) Water and Sanitation assistance requirements
The UN assessment reveals that housing of the displaced within existing communities, while commendable, is placing great stress on what was already a situation of meagre water resources.
In Afar Region, this situation is aggravated due to the closure of the Assab road, stopping the arrangement of providing water by truck from Assab to the communities in need.
To avoid further displacement due to lack of potable water, the mission recommends to supply the communities with jerry cans, water bladders, water purification material, additional water tankers, fittings to repair old/construct new water resources as well as to support financing of trucking water in Afar Region.
D) Shelter and Household
The UN mission notes that most of the displaced may have lost part or
all of their economic assets and are depending either on relief or on the
host community. In Tigray, especially since the rainy season has started,
additional shelter materials are needed, as many of the host households
can not provide adequate rooms or shelter. The mission recommends cooking
and feeding utensils, tents, blankets and reinforced plastic sheets to
be supplied to the affected areas.
IV. RESPONSE TO DPPC APPEAL
1. FOOD AND NUTRITION
The DPPC appealed for food and nutrition assistance for 300,000 displaced people. This is a planning figure that includes people likely to be affected in case of escalation of the present conflict. The UN Country Team prefers to consider the scenario of possible conflict escalation in a separate contingency plan, while maintaining the flexibility to launch an immediate appeal in case of aggravation of the current situation in terms of food and nutrition.
It should also be noted that if the displaced in Tigray are not able to return to their communities in the near future they will miss the main agriculture season and food assistance will have to be provided until around November 1999.
A. RESOURCES PLEDGED BY UN AGENCIES:
WFP
In collaboration with the DPPC, WFP has agreed to the reallocation of 5,000 M/T of WFP cereal under a previous emergency operation to assist in meeting the needs of the displaced people. The total value of the reallocated commodities, inclusive of all associated transport costs, is US$ 1.6 Millions
At the time of writing this appeal the most urgent food needs are therefore being met through the re-allocation of drought relief resources as well as various relatively small donations from non-UN sources of supplementary food.
B. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUIRED:
1) WFP
WFP endorses the United Nations inter-agency mission's assessment of food assistance based on an estimate of the currently displaced people and calls upon the international donors to channel an initial six months ration through WFP or other partners working in the field.
If the situation in Tigray and Afar deteriorates or is prolonged indefinitely, WFP proposes a re-assessment of food assistance needs in affected areas and the possible launching of a new emergency operation (EMOP) that will appeal directly to international donors for funding and support.
2) FAO
FAO does not normally provide emergency food and shelter assistance.
However, FAO has been active in rehabilitation in Ethiopia for many years
and when the displaced return home FAO would consider rehabilitation assistance
in the agriculture sector if funding were available. An assessment on input
requirements could be carried out at the earliest next year, since the
current year's planting season will be over in August.
2. HEALTH
All three UN Agencies working in the health sector, UNICEF, WHO and UNFPA have proposed an emergency programme in the health sector. UNICEF will concentrate on Emergency Health, Safe Delivery and Vaccination, WHO on Emergency Health and UNFPA on Reproductive Health.
UNICEF and UNFPA plan to provide Delivery Kits with complementary content: UNICEF's Kits are destined to the "Traditional Birth Attendants" and will be distributed at the lowest health deliver point level, whereas UNFPA's Kits are destined to Health and referral Centres.
A Standard Emergency Health Kit -as supplied by WHO and UNICEF- covers the essential drugs for 5,000 persons for 6 months. The same applies to the Safe Delivery and Reproductive Health Kits at the primary health level whereas the Kits destined to Health Centres have an increased percentage of coverage due to their reusable material. (15,000 persons for 6 months).
A. RESOURCES PLEDGED BY UN AGENCIES:
1) UNICEF
UNICEF will appeal to the international donor community for assistance valued at a total of US$ 1.5 million. In order to meet the most pressing emergency needs UNICEF has already allocated US$ 500,000 from their Global Emergency Programme Fund. However, this is a revolving Fund and US$ 500,000 from this appeal for US$ 1.5 million will be used to reimburse the Fund.
The Agency's emergency action plan will be implemented in two phases: the first phase will be funded with the US$ 500,000 available now from the Global Emergency Programme Fund while the implementation of the second phase of US$ 1 million will depend on the resources generated by this appeal.
In the health sector UNICEF appeals for a total of US$ 380,000, US$ 190,000 of which has been earmarked from the Global Emergency Fund of US$ 500,000.
The funds are destined for vaccines, vitamin A capsules, safe delivery
kits and Oral Re-hydration Solution (ORS). The ultimate plan is to cover
of 100% of the target population. The budget for the first phase is calculated
to cover approximately 60% of the target population with the following
breakdown:
|
Pledged
from
The Global
Emergency Fund
|
|
| Measles and Meningitis vaccines |
120,000
|
| Vitamin A |
5,000
|
| Delivery/TBA Kits |
55,000
|
| ORS |
10,000
|
| Value First Phase US$ |
190,000
|
In consultation with the government, UNICEF will also re-programme 50 Emergency Health Kits to the affected areas. These 50 Kits will cover the health needs of 250,000 for six months.
Total Value: US$ 250,000
2) WHO
WHO has delivered 10 Standard Emergency Health Kits donated by the Italian Government with a total coverage of 50,000 persons for a period of six months. These kits have been handed over to the Ministry of Health for transport to the regions and, after mutual agreement upon use and areas to be covered, will be distributed to the selected health facilities. Included in the total budget is US$ 50,000 to cover transport, distribution and implementation costs.
Total Value: US$ 150,000
B. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUIRED:
1) UNICEF
For the second phase, UNICEF plans to allocate additional US$ 190,000
to reach the balance of the vaccination and Vitamin A campaign target population.
2) WHO AND WHO PANAFRICAN EMERGENCY TRAINING CENTRE & EMERGENCY HEALTH TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR AFRICA (PTC/EHTP)
Depending on the gap between recommended needs and pledged quantities of health supply items, WHO will consider additional assistance in the health sector.
After reviewing possible additional needs and if a request is received from government for capacity building and training, WHO, in consultation with the WHO Panafrican Training Centre could provide technical expertise in emergency health training.
3) UNFPA
UNFPA does not have funds for emergency programmes and, as the Ethiopian
Government's general policy is not to use country programme funds for emergencies,
UNFPA is appealing to international donors for US$ 134,000 (including transport)
to provide Emergency Reproductive Health Kits to the affected areas. These
Kits would complement the Emergency Health Kits being provided by WHO and
UNICEF and would contribute, inter alia, to the reduction of maternal and
neonatal mortality, provide an adequate mix of contraceptives and help
prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. If funds are made available, UNFPA would
provide contraceptive kits (condoms, oral and injectable contraceptives),
Delivery Kits for health and referral centres and kits for complications
of abortions and post-rape.
3. WATER AND SANITATION
A. RESOURCES PLEDGED BY UN AGENCIES
UNICEF
UNICEF is the only UN agency to propose an emergency programme in the area of water and sanitation.
After consultations with DPPC, a budget of US$ 400,000 (US$ 130,000 for the first phase) for water and sanitation has been agreed upon. Under this programme it is anticipated that the displaced population will have access to 5 litres of clean water a day.
Assuming that some of the existing wells can be rehabilitated, UNICEF has allocated most of the budget to fittings, pipes and other construction material including pumps (some of them motorised) for more important repair works.
In addition, funds are allocated in phases one and two for the purchase of compact water treatment plants, bladders as well as latrines.
UNICEF will carry out a further site assessment prior to deciding on
a detailed activity plan. The following breakdown is therefore tentative
and might be subject to changes.
| Supplies and equipment in US$ |
pledged
from
Global Emergency
Fund
|
| Equipment and Tools |
94,000
|
| Logistics, Monitoring, Evaluation |
36,000
|
| Total Value US$ |
130,000
|
B. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUIRED:
UNICEF
In support of the second phase of Water and Sanitation intervention
UNICEF is seeking funding to cover the following interventions:
| Supplies and equipment in US$ |
additional
resources required
|
| Equipment and Tools |
197,000
|
| Logistics, Monitoring, Evaluation |
66,000
|
| Training, Community Mobilisation |
7,000
|
| Total Value US$ |
270,000
|
4. SHELTER AND HOUSEHOLD ITEMS
The UN Country Team has agreed to give priority to items that can not be purchased locally, i.e. plastic sheets rather than blankets. The basic calculation used in calculating plastic sheeting needs is 10 square metres per family, i.e. at an estimate of 38,000 displaced families, 380,000 sq. meters or 1,900 rolls.
A. RESOURCES PLEDGED BY UN AGENCIES:
1) UNICEF
US$ 40,000 from US$ 500,000 Global Emergency Fund has been allocated for the purchase of 120 rolls of plastic sheeting which will be shipped in late July.
3) UNHCR
In the framework of a joint UN effort to assist the civilian victims of the current conflict, UNHCR will make available 3,000 kerosine stoves with a total value inclusive of all transport costs of US$ 24,000.
B. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUIRED:
1) UNICEF
A second phase programme is planned for US$ 70,000 for the supply of eight large tents (70 sq. metres each) and 54 family size tents as well as 2,000 blankets
2) UNHCR
Other relief items in the area of shelter and/or household utensils are still being sought from outside. Failing this, up to US$ 15,000 may be made available -in consultation with DPPC- for local procurement of supplies, provided sufficient quantities are not supplied by other agencies.
3) OCHA
The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), formerly the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) maintains a warehouse of emergency supplies in Pizza. On the recommendation of the UN Ethiopia Disaster Management Team and in response to an official appeal from the government, OCHA can request the donor to allocate items on inventory to meet the emergency needs or, if stocks are not readily available from the Pizza warehouse, OHCA can approach other donors for funds. The initial appeal to OCHA will be for 375 rolls of plastic sheeting, valued at approximately US$ 175,000 including transport, enough for 7,500 families at 10 sq. meters per family. UNDP's Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (EUE) will implement the programme.
4) UNDP
The Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (EUE) seeks for funds in the amount
of US$ 175,000 to either purchase an additional 350 to 400
rolls of plastic sheeting either directly or to reimburse UNHCR for Plastic
Sheeting borrowed from UNHCR. If OCHA is able to provide 350 rolls of plastic
sheeting and an additional 350 to 400 rolls can be funded from other sources
then the total UN supply, including the donation from UNICEF, would cover
about 46% of the shelter needs at 10 sq. meter per family. As shelter materials
are one of the most urgent needs, donors are encouraged donate additional
plastic sheeting through the DPPC, the UN or any of the other operational
agencies.
5. OTHER ASSISTANCE
A. EDUCATION
1) UNICEF
Although Education was not part of the DPPC appeal, UNICEF seeks funding for a total of US$ 325,000 to support educational programmes for the displaced.
Based on an rate of 22% of children in the age group of 7 - 14 years and a gross enrolment ratio of 50% in Tigray and 10 % in Afar, UNICEF estimates a school-going population among the displaced to be 19,800 children in Tigray and 440 in Afar.
Out of the US$ 500,000 Global Emergency Fund, US$ 125,000 has been earmarked for the first phase intervention which would reach 70 % of the displaced school-going children.
The funds will be used in the following sectors:
* Orientation of educational administrators on the planning, implementation
and monitoring of Emergency Education Interventions
* Collection of data/information required for planning and designing
emergency education interventions
* Provision of educational materials
* Training of in-service teachers in the planning, design and implementation
of emergency interventions for displaced children and in the organisation
of counselling services
* Advocacy and social mobilisation campaigns using interpersonal communication
channels and radio broadcast.
2) UNESCO
UNESCO is considering a contribution to the war-affected children from its Programme for Emergency Education and Rehabilitation. Areas of assistance are still to be determined.
3) UNFPA
The UNFPA Country Support Team (UNFPA/CST) offers its technical expertise in the field of planning, design and implementation of emergency education interventions to support other agency's educational programmes.
B. SPECIAL PROTECTION NEEDS OF DISPLACED CHILDREN AND WOMEN
UNICEF
UNICEF's budget for Special Protection Needs foresees an emergency programme valued at a total of US$ 70,000. Key actions of the programme are:
* training of local counsellors to provide counselling services to street
children and their parents/guardians
* training of religious leaders, women's groups and social workers
to carry out psycho-social trauma counselling and crisis management
* sensitising community leaders and local authorities to the basic
rights of children and women.
The first phase of this programme will use US$ 15,000 from the Global Emergency Fund for assessment, analysis and activity planning.
C. REINTEGRATION AND REHABILITATION
IOM
Subject to an agreement with government, IOM would consider requesting funds for a survey to assess the location and number of Ethiopians returning from Eritrea as well as to make a breakdown in categories (traders, farmers, skilled/unskilled labour, etc.), this categorisation being an essential base for any rehabilitation and reintegration program.
D. LOGISTIC SUPPORT TO UN AGENCIES
1) UNDP
UNDP has made available US$ 40.000 to cover international and local transport costs for supplies donated by other agencies for which there are no transport funds.
2) UNICEF
UNICEF is seeking for funding of transportation for their supplies in the amount of US$ 45,000.
E. CO-ORDINATION SUPPORT TO UN AGENCIES
UNDP Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (EUE)
UNDP has allocated funds to engage an international or local temporary Information Officer with the EUE for three months. (Total amount: US$ 12,000) The Information Officer would, in collaboration with other EUE staff, work on the production of reports, briefing materials, appeals and other facets of co-ordination to assist the Resident Co-ordinator and the UN Country Team.
F. CAPACITY BUILDING, - CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN CASE OF ESCALATION OF THE CONFLICT
1) UNDP
UNDP has allocated funds for international and/or local consultants and incidental costs for development of contingency plans. (Total amount: US$ 13,000).
2) IOM
In order to strengthen local capacities, IOM's Emergency Response Unit based in Geneva, if required, can offer training in emergency preparedness including initiating and maintaining an early warning system, cross border management, legislation and administration.
G. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND CONTINUING ASSESSMENT
The situation all along the border remains fluid and continual assessment and reporting will be critical as will regular monitoring and evaluation of the activities implemented through the various components outlined in this summary. Although most agencies will attempt to use existing staff and the UN Country Team will continue to work as a team, some additional funding will be needed to cover the special monitoring needs of this emergency programme.
1) UNICEF
UNICEF's emergency plan includes quarterly programme monitoring and evaluation visits to the project sites according to guidelines elaborated in collaboration with the Government of Ethiopia. The agency seeks for funding of a global monitoring and evaluation allocation in the amount of US$ 20,000.
2) UNDP-EUE
One of the primary responsibilities of the Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (EUE) is to support the resident Co-ordinator system through assisting in the co-ordination of the UN Country Team's responses to emergencies, facilitating information exchange and monitoring, assessments and evaluations. The EUE does not have a regular budget and must rely on ad hoc contributions from the donor community to cover its yearly operating costs. Included in the 1998 budget but not funded was US$70,000 for the replacement of two field vehicles. Field monitoring is an on-going EUE activity and these vehicles would be used by EUE field officers in the monitoring of UN assistance to the displaced, field visits to the drought affected areas and for other emergency situations that are likely to arise in the near future. EUE therefore reiterates its request for funding of US$ 70,000 to replace two field vehicles.
This document indicates the UN Country Team's planned interventions in support of the DPPC appeal and how these inputs are harmonised within the UN system and complement the work of the various emergency committees. The intention is to bring to the attention of the international community additional requirements in order that the most urgent needs of the displaced people in Tigray and Afar are met in a timely fashion. Interested donors are urged to contact the Office of the UN Resident Coordinator on behalf of the Country Team or representatives of the concerned specialised UN agencies in Ethiopia for more detailed information on programmes for the displaced. Also, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has been fully informed of the UN Country Team's plans and can be contacted for additional information.
V. Input Summary (in US$)
of UN Assistance to the Displaced of the current Ethio - Eritrean Conflict
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