The last official census in 1991 estimated the population at 16.7 million. Based on this census, the government in 1998 estimated the population at 22,167,195. [1] The annual rate of population growth is expected to be 3.3% by the year 2000, but this statistic and other population indicators will change dramatically as the AIDS pandemic continues to spread across the country and claim hundred of thousands more lives. Only 11% of the population lives in urban areas, and of this 11% over 40% live in Kampala alone. Uganda is overwhelmingly a rural society. As such, population concentrations are found in fertile and agricultural areas. Population counts also include several hundred thousand refugees mostly from Rwanda and Sudan.

Population Estimates:

Year	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000
Millions	5.9	7.5	9.8	12.8	16.9	22.4

Population distribution by age:

Age%

0-1447.8

15-2926.0

30-4414.0

45-598.0

60-743.5

75 and over 0.6

Other demographic indicators, 1998 estimates:

Population growth rate:2.85%

Birth rate per 1,00049.21

Death Rate per 1,00018.95

Sex Ratio (males/females)

At birth1.03

Under 151

15-640.99

65 and over0.95

Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 92.86

Total Fertility Rate7.09 children born per woman

Source: World Fact Book 1998