Tanzania
-- Transport
Roads
Tanzania
has 5,000
km of roads,
but only
5.3% of
these have
all-weather
surfacing.
Many are
rutted,
corrugated,
and nearly
impassable
during heavy
rains. Generally,
the network
of roads
has improved
since independence.
The average
road density
is 5.3%
km of road
per 100
square kilometers.
The annual
rate of
new vehicle
registration
is 10,000.
The nation
has given
high priority
to trucks
involved
in agricultural
transport.
About 60%
of Tanzania's
internal
freight
is in private
hands, the
remainder
in the public
sector.
In 1992,
the European
Economic
Community
agreed to
lend 48
million
ECUs to
repair the
road between
Musoma in
Tanzania
to Mukuyu
in Kenya.
The World
Bank has
allocated
$871 million
for further
road projects.
Railways
A railway
network
of 2,580
km, completed
in 1914,
links Dar
es Salaam
with the
central
and northern
parts of
the country,
and with
Kenya and
Zambia.
Tanzania
Railways
Corporation
(TRC) proposed
to carry
out a rehabilitation
project
of $279
million,
but received
only $76
million
from the
International
Development
Assistance
in 1991
and $29
million
from the
African
Development
Fund in
1992 for
the project.
Tazara (the
Tanzanian
/Zambian
Railway
Authority)
operates
2,580 km
of track
between
Dar es Salaam
and Kapiri
Mposhi in
Zambia.
This line
was built
by the Chinese,
who offered
a $680 million
interest-free
loan for
the project.
This line
provided
contact
to the rich
Kilombera
valley region
and an outlet
to the sea,
reducing
the country's
dependence
on southern
transport
routes.
The rehabilitation
of this
route has
been financed
by the World
Bank and
some bilateral
donors.
Ports
Dar es Salaam
is Tanzania's
main port,
with eleven
deep water
berths.
The other
ports, Mtwara,
Tanga, Zanzibar,
and Lindi
are managed
by the Tanzanian
Harbours
Authority
(THA). The
port of
Dar es Salaam
receives
and exports
cargo not
only for
Tanzania,
but for
Zambia,
Burundi,
Rwanda,
Uganda,
and Zaire.
After 1977,
the tonnage
handled
by the port
declined
due to inadequate
loading/unloading
facilities.
As a result,
some Zambian
cargo was
moved to
other ports.
A program
of modernization
has begun
with assistance
from the
World Bank
and bilateral
donors.
Traffic
at the ports
of Tanga
has stagnated
as exports
have declined;
Mtwara has
been under-utilized
due to the
underdevelopment
of the hinterland
it serves
as well
as to a
poor communication
network.
A program
to improve
the port
at Dar es
Salaam,
funded by
the World
Bank and
bilateral
donors,
promised
to double
its cargo-handling
capacity
to more
than 7 million
tons. This
program
was to be
completed
in 1995
[1] .
Railways:
total: 3,569
km (1995)
narrow gauge:
2,600 km
1.000-m
gauge; 969
km 1.067-m
gauge
note: the
Tanzania-Zambia
Railway
Authority
(TAZARA),
which operates
1,860 km
of 1.067-m
narrow gauge
track between
Dar es Salaam
and New
Kapiri Mposhi
in Zambia
(of which
969 km are
in Tanzania
and 891
km are in
Zambia)
is not a
part of
Tanzania
Railways
Corporation;
because
of the difference
in gauge,
this system
does not
connect
to Tanzania
Railways.
Highways:
total: 88,200
km
paved:
3,704 km
unpaved:
84,496 km
(1996 est.)
Waterways:
Lake
Tanganyika,
Lake Victoria,
Lake Nyasa
Pipelines:
crude oil
982 km
Ports
and harbors:
Bukoba,
Dar es Salaam,
Kigoma,
Kilwa Masoko,
Lindi, Mtwara,
Mwanza,
Pangani,
Tanga, Wete,
Zanzibar
Merchant
marine:
total:
8 ships
(1,000 GRT
or over)
totaling
30,371 GRT/41,269
DWT
ships
by type:
cargo
3, oil tanker
2, passenger-cargo
2, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 1
(1997 est.)
Airports:
123
(1997 est.)
Airportswith
paved runways:
total:
11
over 3,047
m: 2
2,438 to
3,047 m:
2
1,524 to
2,437 m:
5
914 to 1,523
m: 1
under 914
m: 1 (1997
est.)
Airportswith
unpaved
runways:
total:
112
1,524 to
2,437 m:
17
914 to 1,523
m: 60
under
914 m: 35
(1997 est.)
Source:
CIA World
Fact Book
[1]
Kaplan,
Irving,
ed. 1978.
Tanzania,
A Country
Study,
Foreign
Area Studies,
American
University:
Washington
D.C.