UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER
UNDP-EUE: List of International Contributions for Assistance to Severely Drought Affected Areas of Ethiopia

UNDP-EUE: List of International Contributions for Assistance to Severely Drought Affected Areas of Ethiopia


PREPARED BY THE UN-EMERGENCIES UNIT FOR ETHIOPIA

  • Table 1. Donor Contributions to DPPC Appeal for Emergency Food
  • 2. Supplementary Food
  • Procured and delivered by WFP, administered and monitored by UNICEF Appeal amount 1,952 MT balance unresourced 1,252 MT
  • Oil UN Appeal amount 370 MT no pledges balance unresourced 370 MT
  • Table 5. Expanded EPI Coverage - UNCT Action Plan/Appeal
  • Table 6. Medical Support UNCT Action Plan/Appeal
  • Appeal agencies: WHO & UNFPA total appeal amount $ 2,210,688 balance unresourced $1,860,688
  • Appealing Agency: UNICEF total appeal amount $1,773,000 balance unresourced $1,225,750
  • DonorAmt US$Remarks
  • Appealing Agency: UNICEF total appeal amount: $330,000 balance unresourced $194,700
  • DonorAmt US$Remarks
  • Appealing Agency: FAO total appeal amount $1,008,000 balance unresourced $503,000
  • DonorAmt US$StatusRemarks
  • DonorAmountRemarks
  • Table 11. Summary of Nonfood Needs and Responses to UNCT Appeal for the Drought
    UNITED NATIONS

    COUNTRY TEAM

    ETHIOPIA

    LIST OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR ASSISTANCE TO SEVERELY DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS OF ETHIOPIA

    Final update of contributions

    to the UN Country Team

    12 July Appeal

    PREPARED BY THE UN-EMERGENCIES UNIT FOR ETHIOPIA

    25 November 1999

    1. Introduction

    Since the start of 1999, estimates of relief needs of people severely affected by drought and crop failure (as a result of poor 1998 meher and 1999 belg harvests, as well as increasing vulnerability in previous years) have been steadily increasing as a result of worsening conditions. Many households in the most affected areas who were previously considered to be at risk but not in need of emergency assistance have now reached the limit of their asset protection and coping strategies. From an initial figure of 2,157,080 drought affected people in need of immediate assistance released by the Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC) in December 1998, the number increased to an estimated 5 million people in need of food assistance (386,586 MT) by July. In response to these worsening conditions, and in support of the DPPC's appeals for assistance, in June the World Food Programme issued an Emergency Operation for 103,253 MT of food (93,600 MT of which was cereals) to assist 1.2 million people. Response to this EMOP was extremely good; the entire amount was fully resourced within twelve weeks. The DPPC's overall appeal also received a very positive pledge response, 96% as of 25 November.

    On 12 July, the UN Country Team (UNCT) issued a joint Relief Action Plan and Appeal for Severely Drought Affected Areas of Ethiopia which outlined the most urgent nonfood needs for the period July - December 1999.[1] This Appeal was based on the findings of a joint UN/DPPC assessment carried out in June 1999 as well as other information from the field. It specifically targeted the zones of South Tigray (Tigray Region), North and South Wello, Wag Hamra (all in Amhara Region), East Harerghe (Oromiya Region) and Konso Special Wereda and Welayita in North Omo Zone (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region - SNNPR), the areas identified by the DPPC as being most severely affected. Proposed inputs in the areas of water and sanitation, nutrition, health and immunization, and agricultural support amounted to a total of US$ 7.5 million. In addition to the UN Appeal, several nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and NGO consortia also issued separate appeals for assistance to help alleviate the effects of the food shortage in these and other affected areas. Of the $7.5 million in non-food assistance appealed for in the UNCT Relief Action Plan and Appeal, approximately $2.2 million in confirmed pledges have now been received. This constitutes 30% of the total amount non-food appealed for.

    This report provides a final summary of assistance received in support of the UNCT Relief Action Plan and Appeal. It includes both food and non-food, cash and in-kind contributions of major international donors, assistance both appealed for and provided by major implementing agencies. It also provides as complete a listing as possible of funds received by NGOs for assistance to the drought affected. The report is broken down by sector. A summary of these combined amounts is also provided. Pledges in the areas of medical support, including expanded immunization coverage (EPI) and supplemental feeding (in this case considered a medical intervention), water and sanitation, agricultural support, and monitoring are also given. This report is an update of the report issued by the UNCT on 11 August: "List of International Contributions for Assistance to Severely Drought Affected Areas of Ethiopia," and figures contained herein should replace those in that report.

    Continuing Needs for 1999

    Despite these developments, the food shortage emergency continues to persist. New areas of concern have been identified in North and South Gondar zones, Gurage zone, Borena zone, Somali region (particularly Gode zone), and Gambella region. On 15 October the DPPC issued an "Update on the Current Food Situation and Relief Need from October to December 1999". According to this document, the number of people requiring immediate assistance until December has risen further.

    Monthly needs for the remainder of the year for the drought affected are:[2]

    October 6,619,586 people

    November 6,462,844

    December 4,216,785

    To meet the needs of these beneficiaries as well as those of the displaced, the DPPC plans to use 200,000 MT of already available food to cover part of the total requirement and has appealed for an additional 74,023 MT of cereals to meet the shortfall.

    In addition to the cereal requirement for the remainder of 1999, the DPPC Update estimates that 4,400 MT of supplementary food is needed to distribute to 979,142 children under the age of five in the most vulnerable areas. The UNCT Relief Action Plan and Appeal includes 1,952 MT of supplementary food, of which OFDA has resourced 706 MT (cost contribution), leaving a shortfall of 1,246 MT. This commodity is being procured by WFP and programmed by UNICEF in collaboration with the DPPC (See Section 3).

    To supplement the necessary food requirement, support is still needed in the health, water and sanitation sectors to prevent outbreaks of disease (particularly malaria at the end of the rainy season) to which those in a weakened nutritional condition are at increased risk. In the agricultural sector, seeds, tools and traction animals are needed before February 2000 since many of the most vulnerable farmers have liquidated their assets in order to purchase food in the short term and may thus be unable to prepare their fields for the belg 2000 season.

    2. Food Pledges

    WFP's Emergency Operation for assistance to drought affected areas, launched in June, is for 103,253 MT of food: 93,600 of cereals and the balance being pulses and blended food. To date, the EMOP is fully resourced, with cereals pledges exceeding more than 20% of the requested amount. Since the last UNCT Appeal update, Canada donated an additional 1,492 MT in last August and a pledge of 30,000 MT from EU was confirmed in September. Belgium also made a donation in November for 2,000 MT. Moreover, an additional 22,368 MT of cereals were channeled from development project ETH 2488 to drought stricken areas to be distributed through Employment Generation Schemes (EGS). The full amount for the EMOP's appeal for pulses (3,620 MT) has been fully resourced through contributions from the USA and Spain. In addition, the appeal for blended food (6,033 MT) has been fully resourced by the USA and WFP's Immediate Response Account.

    In response to the DPPC's October appeal update, WFP prepared a budget revision for 60,414 MT of food (including 58,216 MT of cereals) to cover 30% of unmet needs for the period November - December 1999 and 30% of initially identified needs for the first quarter of 2000. The details of the budget revision are given in Table 2.

    Confirmed cereal pledges in support of the Government's overall appeal for the drought affected total 371,594 MT. This figure indicates that over 95% of the requirements have been met for the period of June-December, leaving a shortfall of only 14,992 MT or 3.88%. Recently, the Nordic Churches (Denmark, Sweden, Iceland) received a donation from Danida, Christian Aid, Diakonisches Werk and Norwegian Church Aid for 8,152 MT of food, to be distributed through Joint Relief Partnership (JRP) partners (Lutheran World Federation/Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, Ethiopian Orthodox Church, and the Ethiopian Catholic Church/Catholic Relief Services). A donation was also made by the Canadian Foodgrains Bank for 700 MT to the Ethiopian Evangelical Church/Mekane Yesus) and 1,700 MT for Food for the Hungry International (FHI) as a response to an appeal by the JRP in support of the DPPC appeal (See Section 10: Other appeals). The Lutheran World Federation also received an emergency grant of 2 million Danish kroners from Danish Church Aid/Danida, with which 664 MT of locally purchased wheat and 59 MT of Famix were procured.

    In order for food to be made available for immediate distribution to beneficiaries, food is being borrowed from the EFSR against confirmed pledges. However, current food stock levels in the EFSR remain relatively low and donors are encouraged to expedite repayments as quickly as possible. As most of the pledges were used against borrowings from the EFSR, the anticipated incoming food is destined for repayment to the EFSR; thus no large carry-over stocks are expected for the year 2000.

    Table 1. Donor Contributions to DPPC Appeal for Emergency Food

    Drought

    June to December 1999 (cereals only)

    Appeal

    Beneficiaries

    4,993,725 + update figure

    Qnty (MT)

    460,609

    Pledges

    WFP EMOP 6143
    93,600
    USA
    41,000
    EC (DGVIII)
    30,000
    EC (DGD)
    11,100
    Canada
    11,507
    Sweden (part of US$230,000)
    674
    Spain (part of US$350,000)
    9
    Belgium
    2,000
    WFP IRA (part of US$ 2.5 million donation)
    6,350
    WFP 2488
    22,368
    Sub Total
    113,908
    % of WFP EMOP
    121.70%


    DPPC

    USDA
    90,000
    USA Title III
    25,000
    USA (1998 Assab Replacement)
    9,528
    EU
    20,000
    GoE
    20,000
    Sub Total
    164,528


    NGOs

    EC - various NGOs
    44,629
    USA - CRS
    13,110
    Netherlands - SCF/UK
    10,000
    UK - SCF/UK & SOS Sahel
    9,000
    Norway - NCA
    4,143
    Canada - EECMY
    700
    Canada - FHI
    1,700
    Spain - Action Aid
    760
    Denmark - LWF
    964
    Nordic Churches - JRP (LWF/EECMY, EOC,

    ECC/CRS)

    8,152
    Sub Total
    93,158


    Global Pledges
    371,594
    96.12%
    Global Shortfall
    14,992
    3.88%

    Note: Cash pledges have also been received from:

    China 100,000 US$

    Italy 1.7 million US$

    Finland 353,000 US$


    Source: WFP, 25/11/99

    Table 2. WFP EMOP 6143 Budget Revision

    Crop Failure Budget Revision

    Nov 99 to March 2000 (cereals)




    Qnty (mts)

    Appeal (Nov - Dec)
    74,023

    Appeal (Jan - Mar 2000)
    260,069

    Total
    334,092




    Pledges


    WFP EMOP 6143 B/R
    58,216

    Finland
    1,070

    EU (DGD)
    9,040

    Sub Total
    10,110

    Shortfall WFP EMOP
    48,106
    82.63%



    Global Pledges
    48,106
    14.40%
    Global Shortfall
    285,986
    85.60%
    Source: WFP, 25/11/99

    Several donors provided funds for temporary movable storage units, including Norway which provided three large units through Norwegian Church Aid valued at US$ 1,124,265 and OFDA which provided six units to SCF-UK.

    2. Supplementary Food

    WFP EMOP 6143 for assistance to the drought affected includes 6,033 MT of supplementary food for targeted distribution to the most vulnerable (pregnant and lactating women, and children under five), which has been fully resourced. To meet additional needs for supplementary food, the UNCT Appeal includes a joint proposal by WFP and UNICEF to provide an additional 1,952 MT of supplementary food and 370 MT of oil to the most vulnerable women and children. OFDA (Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance, a division of the US Agency for International Development) provided $400,000 for provision of 706 MT of supplementary food. The remainder remains unresourced. For programming and monitoring of this project, UNICEF reprogrammed $14,600 from its own resources. No pledges were received against the 370 MT of oil appealed for.

    Table 3. UNCT Appeal - Supplementary Food

    Procured and delivered by WFP, administered and monitored by UNICEF Appeal amount 1,952 MT balance unresourced 1,252 MT


    Donor


    Amount MT
    Remarks
    OFDA
    706
    $400,000 provided to WFP

    Oil UN Appeal amount 370 MT no pledges balance unresourced 370 MT


    Apart from the UNCT appeal for supplementary food, several NGOs have received funds through their own special appeals to donors to provide blended foods and other commodities in their project areas.

    Table 4. Non-UNCT Appeal Supplementary Food

    Donor


    Amount MT
    Remarks
    US Ambassador's Fund
    42
    $25,000 given to CRS, to be distributed by SCF-UK in North Wello
    UK
    486
    Famix through SCF/UK for North & South Wello
    EU
    1,500
    Funds for Local Purchase through NGOs on basis of proposals
    Various natl Red Cross societies
    SFr 700,000
    SFr 170,000 outstanding from IFRC Appeal for Sup. Food in S. Wello, 24,716 bens. Ambassel & 15,243 bens. Kutaber - 6 mths.
    OFDA
    300
    Famix through SCF/UK for North & South Wello
    DanChurch Aid/ Danida
    59
    Through LWF
    CRDA
    55
    Through InterAid France

    In addition to the blended foods being provided by SCF/UK, OFDA has also provided funds for the continuation and expansion of SCF-UK's nutritional surveillance programme (NSP). This has enabled the NSP to be restarted in East and West Harerghe. Training of SCF and DPPD staff (who will work with SCF in this respect) has already begun as part of SCF/UK's capacity building programme with DPPC.

    2. Health, medical supplies and EPI

    4.1 Expanded EPI

    Of the $609,000 requested for support to the Ministry of Health's EPI programme in the most severely affected areas, UNICEF has reprogrammed $358,000 from its own resources, and has received $10,450 from OFDA. These inputs are expected to cover the most crucial of the EPI requirements (provision of cold-storage equipment and logistical support, supplementary vaccines and supplies).

    Table 5. Expanded EPI Coverage - UNCT Action Plan/Appeal

    Appeal agency: UNICEF - Total appeal amount $ 609,000 -

    balance unresourced $240,550

    Donor
    Amount US $
    UNICEF
    358,000
    OFDA
    10,450

    4.2 Medical Support

    Although WHO and UNFPA have appealed for a total of $2,210,688 for medical support to health care facilities in the worst affected areas, response to the health sector of the appeal has been quite low. To date, WHO-Geneva has confirmed the availability of $300,000 for support to the Ministry of Health's malaria control efforts in the most affected areas. This amount includes $200,000 that has been reallocated from other WHO funding to the MOH.

    Table 6. Medical Support UNCT Action Plan/Appeal

    Appeal agencies: WHO & UNFPA total appeal amount $ 2,210,688 balance unresourced $1,860,688


    Donor

    Amount US $
    Status
    Remarks
    WHO HQ
    In kind, technical assistance
    Confirmed
    Offer from WHO HQ to support training, integrated management of children's illnesses & surveillance
    WHO
    100,000
    Confirmed
    For malaria control in drought areas
    WHO
    200,000
    Confirmed
    Reallocation from MOH to be used for malaria control
    UNFPA
    50,000
    Pending
    Requested from UNFPA headquarters for reproductive health services and supplies

    In addition to these inputs, LWF spent approximately ETB 400,000 on drugs in North Wello. Medecins Sans Frontiéres-France has also been providing supplementary food, measles vaccines, and medical support to selected PAs in Bugna and Gidan weredas in North Wello. In view of improved malnutrition rates and expectations that the harvest will at least cover immediate food needs over the next few months, this project will be discontinued after a final distribution in November.

    3. Water and Environmental Sanitation

    The UNCT Appeal included $1,773,000 for emergency rehabilitation of water points and environmental sanitation in areas where the health conditions of the affected population are particularly vulnerable. Thus far, UNICEF reallocated $353,000 for rehabilitation of water points in East Harerghe. OFDA provided funds to UNICEF for provision of emergency water point rehabilitation in East Harerghe, Konso, and North Wello, and to support urban sanitation efforts in North Wello. UNDP also reallocated $43,000 for water point rehabilitation in East Harerghe.

    Table 7. Water and Environmental Sanitation

    Appealing Agency: UNICEF total appeal amount $1,773,000 balance unresourced $1,225,750


    DonorAmt US$Remarks




    UNDP
    43,000
    Re-allocation of existing resources - East Harerge water point rehabilitation - other areas also possible but not among UN priority intervention areas
    UNICEF
    353,000
    East Harerge water point improvement - Grawa, Babile & Fedis weredas
    OFDA
    151,250
    For emergency water point rehabilitation in East Harerghe, Konso, & North Wello, & to support urban sanitation efforts in N. Wello

    3. Blanket and storage provision

    OFDA provided funds to UNICEF for procurement of 12,000 blankets in conjunction with the supplementary food distribution programme (distributed to vulnerable children under five and pregnant and lactating women).

    Table 8. Blankets

    Appealing Agency: UNICEF total appeal amount: $330,000 balance unresourced $194,700


    DonorAmt US$Remarks




    OFDA
    135,300
    Distributed by UNICEF - 12,000 pieces

    2. Agricultural Support

    In an effort to assist farmers affected by the failure of the 1998 meher harvest and 1999 belg harvest in replanting their fields this year and to prevent further livestock losses, FAO appealed through the UNCT Appeal for $1,008,000. FAO headquarters made $425,000 available for seed purchases (late planting and short cycle crops for the meher season). UNDP made available to FAO $80,000 from Trac 1.1.3 resources for transport of both fodder and seeds as well as technical support. A portion of the transport allocation were used during July - August to assist the DPPD in South Wello to transport donated by-products from the Kombolcha Brewery to weredas where livestock losses have been the greatest.

    Table 9. Agricultural Support - UNCT Appeal

    Appealing Agency: FAO total appeal amount $1,008,000 balance unresourced $503,000


    DonorAmt US$StatusRemarks





    Fodder


    Kombolcha Brewery
    In Kind
    Confirmed
    Donated by-products to DPPD for distribution in South Wello

    Seeds


    FAO
    25,000
    Confirmed
    Re-allocated existing resources - for seed purchase
    FAO
    400,000
    Confirmed
    Funded from FAO HQ
    UNDP
    80,000
    Confirmed
    Trac 1.1.3 for transport of fodder & seeds and technical support

    In addition to the agricultural support provided for in the UNCT Appeal, several NGOs have organized seed distributions through their own or donor resources.

    Table 10. Agricultural Support - NGOs and Non-UNCT Appeal

    Related NGO Projects Seeds


    DonorAmountRemarks




    CRS
    US$75,000
    seeds and tools for East Harerghe, through Harerghe Catholic Secretariat
    EU
    380 MT
    through SCF/UK for seeds in North and South Wello
    SCF/UK
    232.5 MT
    regular development project for distribution in emergency areas (North Wello & Wag Hamra)
    Belgium
    US$ 840,000
    Belgium funded FAO on-going project for wheat and teff seeds in Amhara Region (Wag Hamra, North & South Wello, Oromiya & North Shewa). This project pre-dates the UNCT Action Plan/Appeal
    Various natl Red Cross societies (see Table 6)
    part of SFr 700,000
    Part of IFRC appeal for SFr 870,000. Approx. SFr 181,000 for 63 MT Chickpea seeds (immediate planting), 209 MT barley seeds (next Belg), 90 MT wheat seeds (next meher) - division of resources with supp. food (see above) not yet finalized
    US, UK, Australia, Canada
    186 MT
    To be distributed in North by World Vision

    2. Monitoring and Reporting

    In the UNCT Action Plan/Appeal, the UN Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia proposed to expand its ongoing field monitoring and reporting functions to provide the following services: (1) Analysis and reporting on the wider humanitarian and social consequences of the drought; (2) Monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the UNCT programme in the field; (3) Preparation of periodic and final narrative donor reports for donors contributing to the UNCT; (4) General coordination of the response vis-à-vis the UNCT member agencies and the general humanitarian community (including donors and NGOs). The Swiss Government, through Swiss Disaster Relief, is covering the costs of employing two local consultants for three months (at a total cost of $18,000), and OFDA provided $34,500 to support coordination and field monitoring activities of the Unit.

    3. Special Logistics

    In support of emergency logistics needs in several of the most affected areas, UNDP has received $20,000 from Trac 1.1.3 emergency resources to cover short-term rental of vehicles for government staff. These vehicles will be used to improve monitoring of general conditions and distribution of relief items as well as for enhanced coordination between weredas and zones.

    4. Other Appeals

    Member agencies of the Joint Relief Programme (JRP) have submitted a joint appeal to ACT for 101,979.55 MT of mixed commodities for distribution in their respective project areas. This appeal is based on government figures of people in need. Thus far, 8750 MT of cereals (plus 1250 of regular development programme food) have been donated by the Government of Denmark for distribution in North Wello, East Harerghe, and SNNPR (See Table 1).

    5. Summary of Nonfood Needs and Responses to UNCT Appeal for the Drought

    As indicated above, food needs for the WFP EMOP for assistance to the drought affected have been fully resourced. Total non-food contributions towards the UNCT Action Plan/Appeal stand at $2,210,700, including both confirmed and pending pledges. This amount is 30% of the total appealed for. Potential donors are urged to consider the remaining needs in light of available resources.

    Table 11. Summary of Nonfood Needs and Responses to UNCT Appeal for the Drought

    Food and Non-food Requirements

    Appeal Amount
    Response
    Outstanding Requirement
    I. Food



    Food Requirement (WFP EMOP 6143)

    (cereals only)

    93,600 MT
    113,908MT (122%)
    fully resourced
    II. Non-food



    Supplementary Food
    $1,500,584
    $414,600
    $1,085,984
    Health
    2,819,688
    590,550
    2,229,138
    Blankets
    330,000
    135,300
    194,700
    Water and Sanitation
    1,773,000
    547,250
    1,225,750
    Agriculture
    1,008,000
    505,000
    503,000
    Monitoring
    18,000
    52,500
    fully resourced
    Total Non-food
    $7,449,272
    $2,245,200
    $5,238,572
    % Response, Non Food

    30%
    70%

    List of Acronyms

    ACT Action by Churches Together

    CRDA Christian Relief and Development Association

    CRS Catholic Relief Services

    DFID Department for International Development (UK)

    DPPC Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission

    DPPD Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Department (zone)

    EECMY Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus

    EFSR Ethiopian Food Security Reserve

    EMOP Emergency Operation

    EPI Expanded Programme of Immunization

    EU European Union

    FAO Food and Agricultural Organization

    FHI Food for the Hungry International

    IDP Internally Displaced Person

    IRA Immediate Response Account (WFP)

    IFRC International Federation of the Red Cross

    JRP Joint Relief Partnership

    LWF Lutheran World Federation

    MSF-F Medecins Sans Frontiéres-France

    MT Metric Tonne

    NCA Norwegian Church Aid

    OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (US)

    SCF/UK Save the Children UK

    SNNPR Southern Nations Nationalities & Peoples Region

    UNCT United Nations Country Team

    UNDP United Nations Development Programme

    UN-EUE United Nations Emergency Unit for Ethiopia

    UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

    UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund

    USAID United States Agency for

    International Development

    USDA United States Department of Agriculture

    WFP World Food Programme

    WHO World Health Organization

    [1] This figure does not include those displaced by the conflict with Eritrea. Prior to 15 October 1999, the DPPC's total figure of people requiring assistance (drought affected and displaced) was 5.3 million.

    [2] Note: this does not include food requirements for the internally displaced and those returning from Eritrea. Beneficiary figures for the displaced and returnees are: 365,316 in October and 347,195 in November and December. Source: DPPC Update, 15/10/99. Food needs for the displaced have been only 56.72% resourced, and food supplies are extremely limited.